I have an early TO operating strictly as a router. Its antennae and two WiFi cards have been removed.
Given this setup, which M.2 connectors can support SSD storage? And must any such SSDs be mSATA, or is NVMe supported? If the latter, what PCIe generation and how many lanes?
NVMe requires just PCIe connection (and some driver support). All three ports are mPCIe, which is always 1-lane PCIe. In this case, I think PCIe 3.0. So all should support NVMe drives. In addition, the port closest to CPU can also handle mSATA disks.
You can of course plug in PCIe 4.0 drives, they will just be slower. Regarding number of lanes, all reasonable drives should work on 1 lane even though they are designed for more. But there might be some more quirky drives.
You will need an mPCIe -M.2 adapter. Also pay attention to the length of the drive. mPCIe is short. With the adapter, it’s usually not a problem, but just one thing to check.
Also check the key of the M.2 port on the adapter. NVMe drives usually need B or B+M keys.