HDDs are not available after updating to Turris 5

It is quite a challenge to help you as we do not know what you have migrated from to…
There was a bug when migrating from 3.x branch to 4.x already: https://forum.test.turris.cz/t/restore-raid-after-migrating-to-tos-4/11283/4. I do not know if this is still the bug or was solved, I am still having it fixed as described.
Next, original Turis had in documentation different mdadm config compare to OpenWRT I am using. Thus I am having /etc/config/mdadm configured something like:

config mdadm
    option email root
    list devices partitions

config array
    option uuid xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx`
    option device /dev/md1
    option name turris:1

uuid you can examine by mdadm --examine /dev/sdd1

On the another hand you can have raid1 on btrfs level which is completely different story than…